THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF MULTI-ANTENNA RADIO DIRECTION FINDERS OPTIMISATION FOR DETERMINING THE STOCHASTIC SIGNAL SOURCES POSITION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2025-4-1Keywords:
multi-antenna direction finders, statistical optimization, optimal signal processing, simulation modelingAbstract
Context. The relevance of the topic lies in the need to improve radio direction finders to increase accuracy, resistance to interference and adaptation to changing operating conditions. Modern scientific achievements require the development of methods for statistical synthesis and analysis of stochastic signal processing in multi-antenna systems, which will allow to take into account the uncertainty of real conditions. It is important to expand the capabilities of such systems for use in radar, radio navigation, communications and other industries. This will facilitate the creation of new approaches for direction finding of unknown signal sources in complex operating scenarios.
Objective. The study is based on improving the measurements of the angular position accuracy of radio sources of stochastic
signals.
Method. The approach is is based on the statistical theory of optimization of radio remote sensing and radar systems. Signal and noise models are constructed for stochastic signal sources, and the likelihood functional in the spectral domain is formulated, taking into account the structure of inverse correlation matrices. The Cramer-Rao inequality is used to determine the limiting errors of estimation of the angular position of the radio source.
Results. For the first time the approach to statistical optimization of the structure of multi-antenna radio systems for direction
finding of stochastic radiation sources is theoretically justified, allowing to take into account the spatial orientation, antenna array geometry and radiation pattern. An optimal method of processing the observation equations for estimating the angular position of stochastic signal sources is constructed. A generalized structure of a single-antenna direction finder containing a matched filter, a decoherence filter and a digital calculator is proposed. It is proved that the use of decorelating processing allows to increase the estimation accuracy by increasing the number of independent signal samples. Analytical expressions for estimation and limiting errors, which take into account the spectrum width and directional pattern parameters, are obtained.
Conclusions. This paper presents the latest theoretical foundations for the synthesis of radio direction finders of arbitrary configuration, which take into account the variety of radiation pattern shapes, spatial location and orientation of direction finders. The developed models of signals and noise using the maximum likelihood function criterion for the first time allow solving optimisation problems of synthesis with consideration the physical content consideration of correlation matrices. The obtained results are confirmed by solving the problem of measuring the radiation source angular position, which proves the proposed approaches effectiveness.
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