A FRAMEWORK FOR THE REMOTE MONITORING OF PATIENTS IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2026-1-15Keywords:
biomedical telemetry, diseases, framework, medical information systems, TelemedicineAbstract
Context. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) technology plays a vital role in developing healthcare services. The medical team can continuously monitor a patient’s health status, even outside of hospitals. It is considered one of the most important digital health services, as it facilitates patient care and reduces the spread of disease.
Objective. This paper aims to review current remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems for various diseases. Then proposes a new platform architecture to increase the effectiveness and quality of remote patient care.
Method. The paper analyzes systems for remote monitoring, focusing on the most common systems of several diseases such as diabetes, epilepsy, headache, cardiovascular and heart failure diseases, COVID-19, chronic kidney failure, fainting and unconsciousness, and cancer. Additionally, it provides an overview of the systems with contact and contact-less features, addressing them according to the system type, architectures, technology used, and services they provide.
Results. After analyzing remote patient monitoring (RPM) applications for a variety of diseases, the results highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of existing systems. We then demonstrated how the proposed architecture addresses these shortcomings and develops a scalable and effective solution.
Conclusions. This paper validates the effectiveness of RPM for healthcare development, offering an innovative ontology-based platform that improves service delivery and patient outcomes. This work offers valuable insights for healthcare providers, developers, and policymakers who are advancing remote care solutions.
References
Malasinghe L. P., Ramzan N., Dahal K. Remote patient monitoring: a comprehensive study, J Ambient Intell Human Comput, 2019, No. 1, pp. 57–76. DOI: 10.1007/s12652-017-0598-x.
Gontarska K. et al. edited by Tucker A. et al. Predicting Medical Interventions from Vital Parameters: Towards a Decision Support System for Remote Patient Monitoring, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2021, pp. 293–297. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77211-6_33.
Alomi Y. A., Aljudaibi S. M. National Survey of Total Parenteral Nutrition Practice in Saudi Arabia: Drug Monitoring and Patient Education at MOH Hospitals, EC Nutr, 2016, pp. 784–792. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314231507
Qureshi B., Tounsi M. A Bluetooth enabled mobile intelligent remote healthcare monitoring system in Saudi Arabia: Analysis and design issues, 18th national computer conference. Citeseer, 2006. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244924911
Lin J. C. Applying telecommunication technology to healthcare delivery, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. IEEE, 1999, No. 4, pp. 28–31. DOI: 10.1109/51.775486.
Mainanwal V., Gupta M., Upadhayay S. K. A survey on wireless body area network: Security technology and its design methodology issue, 2015 international conference on innovations in information, embedded and communication systems (ICIIECS). IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/ICIIECS.2015.7193088.
Leal Filho W., Wall T., Azul A. M., Brandli L., Özuyar P. G. (eds) Remote patient monitoring (RPM), in: Good Health and Well-Being, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Cham, Springer, 2020, pp. 583–583. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95681-7_300115.
Miller K. M. et al. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the US: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry, Diabetes care. Am Diabetes Assoc, 2015, No. 6, pp. 971–978. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-0078.
Joubert M. et al. Remote monitoring of diabetes: a cloudconnected digital system for individuals with diabetes and their health care providers, Journal of diabetes science and technology. SAGE Publications Sage CA. Los Angeles, CA, 2019, No. 6, pp. 1161–1168. DOI:
1177/1932296819834054.
Kantorowska A. et al. Remote patient monitoring for management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.015.
Moshé S. L. et al. Epilepsy: new advances, The Lancet. Elsevier, 2015, No. 9971, pp. 884–898. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60456-6.
Ricci L. et al. Clinical utility of home videos for diagnosing epileptic seizures: a systematic review and practical recommendations for optimal and safe recording, Neurological Sciences. Springer, 2021, pp. 1301–1309. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05040-5.
Amin U. et al. Value of smartphone videos for diagnosis of seizures: everyone owns half an epilepsy monitoring unit, Epilepsia. Wiley Online Library, 2021, No. 9, pp. e135–e139. DOI: 10.1111/epi.17001.
Hassan S., Mwangi E., Kihato P. K. IoT based monitoring system for epileptic patients, Heliyon, 2022, No. 6, P. e09618. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09618.
Yang G. et al. IoT-Based Remote Pain Monitoring System: From Device to Cloud Platform, IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform, 2018, No. 6, pp. 1711–1719. DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2017.2776351.
Biondi A. et al. Remote and Long-Term Self-Monitoring of Electroencephalographic and Noninvasive Measurable Variables at Home in Patients With Epilepsy (EEG@HOME): Protocol for an Observational Study, JMIR Research Protocols, 2021, No. 3, P. e25309. DOI: 10.2196/25309.
Skarpaas T. L., Jarosiewicz B., Morrell M. J. Brainresponsive neurostimulation for epilepsy (RNS® System), Epilepsy Research, 2019, pp. 68–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.02.003.
Burch R. C., Buse D. C., Lipton R. B. Migraine: epidemiology, burden, and comorbidity, Neurologic clinics. Elsevier, 2019, No. 4, pp. 631–649. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.06.001.
Bonavita S. et al. Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic, Neurological sciences. Springer, 2020, pp. 1007–1009. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04391-9.
Ede van E. S. et al. Continuous remote monitoring in postbariatric surgery patients: development of an early warning
protocol, Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. Elsevier, 2022, No. 11, pp. 1298–1303. DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.06.018.
Minen M.T. et al. User Design and Experience Preferences in a Novel Smartphone Application for Migraine Management: A Think Aloud Study of the RELAXaHEAD Application, Pain Medicine, 2019, No. 2, pp. 369–377. DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny080.
Aljaaf A.J. et al. H-Diary: Mobile Application for Headache Diary and Remote Patient Monitoring, 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). Cambridge, United Kingdom, IEEE, 2018, pp. 18–22. DOI: 10.1109/DeSE.2018.00010.
Berrouiguet S. et al. Fundamentals for future mobile-health (mHealth): a systematic review of mobile phone and webbased text messaging in mental health, Journal of medical Internet research. JMIR Publications Toronto. Canada, 2016, No. 6, P. e135. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5066.
Cronin E. M. et al. Remote monitoring of cardiovascular devices: a time and activity analysis, Heart Rhythm. Elsevier, 2012, No. 12, pp. 1947–1951.
Mohammed J. et al. Internet of Things: Remote Patient Monitoring Using Web Services and Cloud Computing, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things(iThings), and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom). Taipei, Taiwan, IEEE, 2014, pp. 256–263. DOI: 10.1109/iThings.2014.45.
Gunderson M., Melton G. B. Ambulatory Remote Patient Monitoring Beyond COVID-19: Engagement and Sustainment Considerations, Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier, 2022, No. 12, pp. 2184–2185. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.10.016.
Alboksmaty A. et al. Effectiveness and safety of pulse oximetry in remote patient monitoring of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review, The Lancet Digital Health, 2022, No. 4, pp. e279–e289. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00276-4.
Paganelli A. I. et al. A conceptual IoT-based early-warning architecture for remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients in wards and at home, Internet of Things, 2022, P. 100399. DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2021.100399.
Sharma N. et al. A smart ontology-based IoT framework for remote patient monitoring, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2021, P. 102717. DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102717.
Webster A.C. et al. Chronic kidney disease, The lancet. Elsevier, 2017, Vol. 389, № 10075, pp. 1238–1252. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32064-5.
Scarpioni R., Manini A., Chiappini P. Remote patient monitoring in peritoneal dialysis helps reduce risk of hospitalization during
Covid -19 pandemic, J Nephrol, 2020, No. 6, pp. 1123–1124. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00822-0.
Markossian T. W. et al. A Mobile App to Support Selfmanagement of Chronic Kidney Disease: Development Study, JMIR Human Factors, 2021, No. 4, P. e29197. DOI: 10.2196/29197.
Lee Y.-L. et al. Validation of Agitated Patient Remote Monitoring Alarm System in the Intensive Care Unit, Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2021, pp. 365–366. DOI: 10.3233/SHTI210747.
Emuoyibofarhe J. O. et al. A fuzzy rule-based model for remote monitoring of preterm in the intensive Care Unit of Hospitals, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2019, No. 5, pp. 33–3. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333508315.
Garelli F. et al. Remote Glucose Monitoring Platform for Multiple Simultaneous Patients at Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Units: Case Report Including Adults and Children, Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2021, pp. 1–3. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2020.0556.
Bernier Carney K. M. et al. Communication of pain by school-age children with cancer using a game-based symptom assessment app: A secondary analysis, European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2021, P. 101949. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101949.
Pavic M. et al. Feasibility and Usability Aspects of Continuous Remote Monitoring of Health Status in Palliative Cancer Patients Using Wearables, Oncology, 2020, No. 6, pp. 386–395. DOI: 10.1159/000501433.
Moradian S. et al. Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Phone– Based System for Remote Monitoring and Management of Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects in Cancer Patients: Mixed-Methods Study, JMIR Cancer, 2018, No. 2, P. e10932. DOI: 10.2196/10932.
Pritchett J. C. et al. Association of a remote patient monitoring (RPM) program with reduced hospitalizations in cancer patients with COVID-19, JCO Oncology Practice. Wolters Kluwer Health, 2021, No. 9, pp. e1293–e1302. DOI: 10.1200/OP.21.00307.
Ahmad B.I. et al. Remote patient monitoring system architecture for diabetes management, 2017 International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design (ICCED). Kuala Lumpur, IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/CED.2017.8308120.
Yang S. et al. Clinical utility of remote monitoring for patients with cardiac implantable electrical devices, J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 2023, No. 4, pp. 961–969. DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01406-7.
Pathinarupothi R. K., Ramesh M. V., Rangan E. Multi-layer architectures for remote health monitoring, 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/HealthCom.2016.7749443
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 H. I. Mafraq, A. O. Almagrabi, H. Almagrabi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Licensing Notifications in the Copyright Notices
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
The journal allows readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles.
The journal allows to reuse and remixing of its content, in accordance with a Creative Commons license СС BY -SA.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-SA that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.